Taken from the forums (compliments of Ares6609)

Terminology:

A Ts

Attack Turns

N Ts?

Ninja Turns

SA

Strike Action (Attack Strength)

DA

Defensive Action (Defensive Strength)

UP

Unit Production

C#

Covert Upgrade level (i.e. C10 = Covert 10 Jonin)

F#

Fortification Upgrade Level

S#

Siege Upgrade level

Mercs

Mercenary (All three types)

Co C?

Chain of Command (in the Honor Log it is Chain Member)

Sandbagging

When you demote your trained warriors to peasants so that you drop in rank

M Bs?

Masamune Blade

AW As?

Aggressive War Actions (Pillage, Counterstrike, Death Strike)

GPT

Gold Per Turn (listed as Projected Income on your Command Screen)

RP

Raiding Party (A basic action which allows you to test your SA against their DA)

Other Notes

Shinobi Rating is what keeps people from seeing your treasury. Their ninja rating needs to be 2 times your shinobi rating or greater in order for them to see your gold. Obviously the reverse is true so you ninja rating needs to be 2 times their shinobi rating as well. The chance to conduct a successful spy or steal from an opponent is still 50% though, irrespective of how big your NR is.

Income - Each type of unit earns you gold per turn (GPT) and the higher you unit production is the more peasants you receive every night. Peasants make the most at 7 GPT followed by warriors (all three types) at 4 GPT and then covert troops (ninja and shinobi) at 3 GPT. Mercs make you nothing as far as gold but they die first so they protect your gold earners from being killed off.